运维

云服务器开荒之更换镜像源

受限于中国大陆的网络限制，我们需要修改服务器的一些软件下载源的配置，包括但不限于Ubuntu的apt源、Centos的yum源、Python的pip源与Docker源，接下来逐一记录，以备不时之需。

更换Ubuntu服务器的apt源

首先备份以下之前的软件源

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

使用vim来修改文件

sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list

输入i进入插入模式，删除原本内容，按你的服务器版本输入以下内容

  • Ubuntu 24.04

# 默认注释了源码仓库，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble-backports main restricted universe multiverse

# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
# deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

  • Ubuntu 22.04

# 默认注释了源码仓库，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse

# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
# deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

  • Ubuntu 20.04

# 默认注释了源码仓库，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse

# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
# deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

按下键盘esc键退出插入模式，输入:wq保存并退出

接下来输入如下代码完成更新

 sudo apt-get update

更换CentOS的Yum源

直接输入以下命令即可更换为中科大源

sudo sed -i.bak \
  -e 's|^mirrorlist=|#mirrorlist=|g' \
  -e 's|^#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos|baseurl=https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/centos-vault/centos|g' \
  /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo

更换Pypi（pip）源

首先升级pip

python -m pip install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple --upgrade pip

如果无法执行，请使用python3来指定版本。

python3 -m pip install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple --upgrade pip

升级完毕后，输入以下指令即可

pip config set global.index-url https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

更换Docker源

当然，您在中国大陆网络下可能无法安装Docker，清华大学源提供了自动安装脚本

export DOWNLOAD_URL="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce"
# 如您使用 curl
curl -fsSL https://get.docker.com/ | sudo -E sh
# 如您使用 wget
wget -O- https://get.docker.com/ | sudo -E sh

在 /etc/docker/daemon.json 文件（如果没有该文件则新建）里新增配置：

{
    "registry-mirrors": [
        "https://docker.m.daocloud.io",
        "https://docker.jianmuhub.com",
        "https://noohub.ru"
    ]
}

如果以上源失效，敬请自行更换。

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